Management of patients with thyroid disease: oral health considerations.

BACKGROUND The thyroid gland and its hormones play an important role in the regulation of growth, development and metabolic functions of the body. Thyroid diseases include a group of conditions that can affect the delivery of dental care. LITERATURE REVIEWED The authors conducted a MEDLINE search of the medical and dental literature concerning thyroid disease and its management published between 1980 and 2000. The authors found eight published articles concerning this topic in the dental literature; a few of the articles specifically addressed thyroid disease and dental care. They reviewed the medical literature within the scope of provision of dental care. CONCLUSIONS The oral health care professional can play a role in the screening of dental patients who have undiagnosed thyroid disease. In addition, to treat patients who have thyroid disease, a thorough understanding of the many related pathological conditions, as well as the signs and symptoms that can occur, is needed. Specific dental treatment protocols for these patients are not found in the medicodental literature published between 1980 and 2000. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS As part of a health care team, the dentist plays an important role in detecting thyroid abnormalities. Modifications of dental care must be considered when treating patients who have thyroid disease.